The Hemperor

USA has highest incarceration rate.
The USA has 5% of the world's population and 25% of the world's 8 MILLION prisoners.

Addictive Qualities of Popular Drugs


Comparing Addictive Qualities of Popular Drugs (Higher score indicates more serious effect)
Drug	Dependence	Withdrawal	Tolerance	Reinforcement	Intoxication
Nicotine	6	4	5	3	2
Heroin	5	5	6	5	5
Cocaine	4	3	3	6	4
Alcohol	3	6	4	4	6
Caffeine	2	2	2	1	1
Marijuana	1	1	1	2	3

Withdrawal: Presence and severity of characteristic withdrawal symptoms.

Reinforcement: A measure of the substance's ability, in human and animal tests, to get users to take it again and again, and in preference to other substances.

Tolerance: How much of the substance is needed to satisfy increasing cravings for it, and the level of stable need that is eventually reached.

Dependence: How difficult it is for the user to quit, the relapse rate, the percentage of people who eventually become dependent, the rating users give their own need for the substance and the degree to which the substance will be used in the face of evidence that it causes harm.

Intoxication: Though not usually counted as a measure of addiction in itself, the level of intoxication is associated with addiction and increases the personal and social damage a substance may do.

Source: Jack E. Henningfield, PhD for NIDA, Reported by Philip J. Hilts, New York Times, Aug. 2, 1994 "Is Nicotine Addictive? It Depends on Whose Criteria You Use."

HOW DANGEROUS IS MARIJUANA COMPARED WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES? Number of American deaths per year that result directly or primarily from the following selected causes nationwide, according to World Almanacs, Life Insurance Actuarial (death) Rates, and the last 20 years of U.S. Surgeon General's reports.
TOBACCO	340,000 to 450,000
ALCOHOL (Not including 50% of all highway deaths and 65% of all murders)	150,000+
ASPIRIN (Including deliberate overdose)	180 to 1,000+
CAFFEINE (From stress, ulcers, and triggering irregular heartbeats, etc.)	1,000 to 10,000
"LEGAL" DRUG OVERDOSE (Deliberate or accidental) from legal, prescribed or patent medicines and/or mixing with alcohol - e.g. Valium/alcohol	14,000 to 27,000
ILLICIT DRUG OVERDOSE (Deliberate or accidental) from all illegal drugs.	3,800 to 5,200
MARIJUANA	0
(Marijuana users also have the same or lower incidence of murders and highway deaths and accidents than the general non-marijuana using population as a whole. Crancer Study, UCLA; U.S. Funded ($6 million), First & Second Jamaican Studies, 1968 to 1974; Costa Rican Studies, 1980 to 1982; et al. LOWEST TOXICITY 100% of the studies done at dozens of American universities and research facilities show pot toxicity does not exist. Medical history does not record anyone dying from an overdose of marijuana (UCLA, Harvard, Temple, etc.).

U.S. Murder Rate Comparing Alcohol Prohibition to Drug Prohibition
murder

2 MILLION U.S. inmates. 56% (The Majority) are in due to the U.S. DRUG WAR!

Where are the REAL Criminals? The Murderers? The Rapists? The CEO's who've destroyed millions of lives?

On the Streets! Right where your ELECTED officials put them.

Doesn't that make you feel safe?

*Table of Contents. After the text loads, click a topic below to go there instantly. Click TopLink or HomeKey to return here instantly.

*Introduction to Drug War. Banners.

*MAJORITY of inmates in USA in due to Drug War. LINKS explained.

*Some RELATED CHARTS:

*Europe. Incarceration rates. Total inmates.
*Mandatory-minimum drug sentences.
*Federal drug offenders.
*Parole violations and drugs.
*U.S. jail, prison, probation, parole.
*U.S. incarceration rate. Timeline.

*Drug War = More HARM than drugs.
*Quick Links to Chart Pages.

Introduction

----

"More than 8.75 million people are held in penal institutions throughout the world, mostly as pre-trial detainees (remand prisoners) or having been convicted and sentenced." -- World Prison Population List (fourth edition), published in 2003. Link: http://www.aic.gov.au/stats/international/wpl.html

*Graph 3 (below) is one of many from a July 2000 report. Poor Prescription: The Costs of Imprisoning Drug Offenders in the United States.
http://www.cjcj.org/pubs/poor/pp.html

This web page is good for exposing the true magnitude of the U.S. drug war. Reproduce freely. Please copy any or all of it, and distribute widely. Or just pass on this page description.

U.S. prison gulags! MAJORITY are in due to U.S. DRUG WAR! References and links.

In 1971 Richard Nixon declared a "War on Drugs."

The U.S. drug war inmate MAJORITY is shown by adding together drug crimes, crimes to get money for drugs, drug trade crimes, drug-related parole violations, etc...

"Nearly one in four persons (23.7%) imprisoned in the United States is currently imprisoned for a drug offense. The number of persons behind bars for drug offenses (458,131) is roughly the same as the entire prison and jail population in 1980 (474,368)." From the July 2000 report, "Poor Prescription: The Costs of Imprisoning Drug Offenders in the United States."
http://www.cjcj.org/drug/exsumm.html and
http://www.drcnet.org/wol/index.html#distortion and
http://drcnet.org/wol/147.html#risingnumbers

*Number and percentage of prisoners whose primary and/or most serious crime was a drug offense. Based on federal estimates of state and federal drug prisoners. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Chart from 1980 on. 8% in 1980. 23% in 1998.
http://www.motherjones.com/prisons/drug.txt and
http://www.motherjones.com/prisons/data_NATIONAL_drug.html

*In addition, the Jan. 18, 1994 Washington Post reported: "The FBI has reported that almost one-third of people convicted of robbery and burglary, and more than one-quarter of people convicted of larceny, committed their crimes to get money for drugs. Moreover, 6.5 percent of the murders in the United States in 1990 occurred in narcotics-related circumstances" The Nov. 2, 1995 Chicago Tribune reported: "The latest Bureau of Justice Statistics [BJS] survey of U.S. prison inmates in 1991 found that 27 percent of robbers admitted they committed crimes to buy drugs; 30 percent of burglars said so, and 5 percent of convicted murderers did."
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/drc.htm and;
To view the BJS report in pdf form you will need the free Adobe Acrobat reader:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/drrc.pdf --See Table 3.

"According to the 1991 joint survey of Federal and State prison inmates, an estimated 17 percent of State prisoners and 10 percent of Federal prisoners reported committing their offense to get money to buy drugs; of those incarcerated for robbery, 27 percent of State prisoners and 27 percent of Federal prisoners admitted committing their offense to get money to buy drugs (see table 3). In 1997, 19 percent of State prisoners and 16 percent of Federal inmates said that they committed their current offense to obtain money for drugs. These numbers represent a slight increase from the 1991 figures.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/crime/index.html#table3

*7-1999. USA. War Won't Solve the Drug Problem. "In 1988, just over half of the murders in the city [New York City] were 'drug-related.' But once the researchers examined the circumstances of the murders, they discovered that the clear majority, 74 percent, were results of the drug trade, not drug use (14 percent) or the need to get money for drugs (4 percent)." July 1999 Washington Post op-ed from Drug Policy Foundation. Emphasis added.
http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v99.n731.a13.html

Drug-related homicide rates as defined using differing criteria in four cities, 1990
	Percentage drug-related
	City 1	City 2	City 3	City 4
Definitional criteria	36.0%	25.7%	39.0%	44.6%
Committed during commission of a narcotics felony		x	x	x
Dispute between dealers		x	x
Offender under the influence of drugs			x
Victim under the influence of drugs	x		x
Source: Data were obtained by the ONDCP Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse.

"The percentage of homicides thought to be drug-related reflects both the frequency of such crimes as well as how the relationship is specified. 'What proportion of homicides is drug-related?' This simple question is difficult to answer. The FBI's definition is specific but limited. Cities or police departments may have broader but inconsistent definitions. For offenses not as reliably reported or as thoroughly investigated as homicides, the question is even more difficult because complete information is not systematically available at the national level for any definition of 'drug-related.' " - LINK

*Parole violations and drugs. 16.1% is the percentage of violators returned to state prisons in 1997 for possession of drugs, failing drug tests, avoiding alcohol or drug treatment, etc.. Info is from October 2001 Bureau of Justice Statistics report.
http://www.drugpolicy.org/news/11_05_02parole.cfm and
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/tsp00.pdf --see Table 21.

*June 2003. Federal judge resigns, calling judicial system unjust. Associated Press story, National Public Radio interview, and Judge John S. Martin's statement. "The result, he said, is a slew of lengthy prison sentences for low-level drug dealers 'who society failed at every step.' ... While many judges have criticized sentencing guidelines, it is unusual for a judge to publicly cite the frustrations of the job in stepping down." -June 25 2003 AP story.
http://www.famm.org/si_federal_sentencing_judge_martinoped_06_24_03.htm

Some RELATED CHARTS.

Western Europe. 428,847 total inmates in the Northern, Southern, and Western Europe sections below. Average of 101 prisoners per 100,000 population. 426,552,700 total population therein. Most of the nations in those sections are also part of the "West" of long democratic traditions. Some exceptions included in the total are Yugoslavia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Slovenia, Macedonia, Albania, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. They are former Communist states. Some other "Western" nations outside Europe are the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, etc..

[TopLink]

Europe. Total inmates,
Prison Population Rates, and
Populations of Nations.

Rates are calculated for the total number of
prisoners in penal institutions, including pre-trial
detainees. Use "find" in the edit menu of your
browser to locate nations here quickly.

Order of info. Left to right. More notes at end of list.
- Incarceration RATE per 100,000 population.
- Independent nation or dependent territory.
- Prison population total (total inmates).
- Date (day/month/year).
- National population. (m = million).
- Notes and exceptions. (i.e. sentenced prisoners only).
- * (Use free Adobe Reader to see more notes in pdf file):
- http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/r188.pdf
- c (means the inmate total and rate are estimates).

Northern Europe.
_59 Denmark 3,150 1/9/01 5.36m
337 Estonia 4,723 1/11/01 1.4m
_59 Finland 3,040 1/9/01 5.19m
_38 Iceland 110 1/9/01 286,000
_86 Ireland 3,378 10/4/02 3.92m
361 Latvia 8,486 14/10/02 2.35m
303 Lithuania 11,216 1/11/01 3.7m
_62 Northern Ireland (UK) 1,058 28/10/02 1.72m
_59 Norway 2,666 1/9/01 4.5m
126 Scotland (UK) 6,417 25/10/02 5.08m
_68 Sweden 6,089 1/10/01 8.9m
139 United Kingdom – England & Wales 72,669 25/10/02 52.43m
_21 Faeroe Islands (Denmark) 9/00 43,000
146 Guernsey (UK) 88 9/10/02 60,100
156 Jersey (UK) 136 14/10/02 87,200
121 Isle of Man (UK) 92 25/10/02 76,300

Southern Europe.
_90 Albania 3,053 11/01 3.4m
_72 Andorra 48 1/9/01 66,300
_55 Bosnia & Herzegovina – Federation 1,372 31/7/02 2.5m
_67 Bosnia & Herzegovina – Republika Srpska 876 31/5/02 1.3m
_59 Croatia 2,584 31/12/01 4.38m
_79 Greece 8,343 1/9/01 10.6m
_95 Italy * 55,136 1/9/01 57.95m *
_70 Macedonia (F Yug Rep) 1,413 1/9/01 2.02m
_67 Malta 257 1/9/01 384,000
131 Portugal 13,384 15/2/02 10.25m
_56 Slovenia 1,120 1/9/02 2.0m
126 Spain 50,656 31/5/02 40.2m
_56 Yugoslavia – Serbia 5,566 6/01 10.0m
104 Yugoslavia – Montenegro 710 25/4/02 680,000
_27 Yugoslavia – Kosovo 521 5/01 1.9m
_62 Gibraltar (UK) 19 13/9/01 30,800

Western Europe.
_85 Austria 6,915 1/9/01 8.13m
_85 Belgium 8,764 1/9/01 10.28m
_85 France 50,714 * 1/5/02 59.4m *
_96 Germany 78,707 30/11/00 82.19m
_75 Liechtenstein 24 30/6/99 32,000
_80 Luxembourg 357 1/9/01 444,000
_39 Monaco 13 10/98 33,000
_93 Netherlands 14,968 1/9/01 16.05m
_69 Switzerland 4,985 4/9/02 7.23m

428,847 total inmates above.
426,552,700 total population above.
101 prisoners per 100,000 population above.

Europe/Asia.
212 Armenia 7,428 1/1/01 3.5m
290 Azerbaijan 23,504 31/12/00 8.1m
_56 Cyprus 369 * 1/9/01 661,000 *
196 Georgia 7,688 1/1/02 3.9m
638 Russian Federation 919,330 1/9/02 144.0m
_93 Turkey 61,336 1/9/01 66.0m

Central and Eastern Europe.
554 Belarus 56,000 5/01 10.1m
114 Bulgaria 9,283 1/9/01 8.13m
188 Czech Republic 19,320 31/12/01 10.25m
179 Hungary 17,890 9/5/02 10.0m
287 Moldova 10,633 * 1/1/02 3.7m *
213 Poland 82,173 24/4/02 38.63m
230 Romania 51,528 1/6/02 22.4m
139 Slovakia 7,509 1/9/01 5.4m
406 Ukraine 198,885 1/9/01 49.0m

Incarceration RATE per 100,000 population. You can
divide it by a thousand to get the percentage of
the national population imprisoned. Or just move
the decimal point to the left 3 places. 1000
prisoners per 100,000 population is 1.000 percent
of the population imprisoned.

"More than 8.75 million people are held in penal
institutions throughout the world, mostly as pre-
trial detainees (remand prisoners) or having been
convicted and sentenced." -- World Prison
Population List (fourth edition), published in
2003. Top 3 links below are for mirror pages with
web page charts of rates of nations in
descending or alphabetical order:

http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/world.htm Web charts.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/world.htm Web charts.
http://members.fortunecity.com/multi19/world.htm Web charts.
http://www.prisonstudies.org -Latest rates worldwide.
http://www.aic.gov.au/stats/international/wpl.html Editions.
4th edition. World Prison Population List. By region:
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/r188.pdf -4th ed.
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps -Multiple languages.
Clickable world incarceration rate MAPS. Nations, states.
With link to clickable 100 Highest Prison Population Rates:
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/worldbrief -MAPS.

-----------------------------

[TopLink]

U.S. Federal Mandatory-Minimum Drug Sentences.
For non-violent possession. For first offenders.
Most states also have mandatory minimums.

>Type_of_Drug.____5_year_sentence________10_years
>_________________without_parole._______No_parole
>________________________________________________
>================================================
>LSD______________1_gram._10_to_20_______10_grams
>_________________doses_if_carrier_______________
>_________________weight_included._______________
>================================================
>Marijuana________100_plants__________1000_plants
>_________________or_100_kilos._____or_1000_kilos
>================================================
>Crack_cocaine____5_grams._1_to_10_______50_grams
>_________________day_supply_for_________________
>_________________heavy_user.____________________
>================================================
>Powder_cocaine___500_grams_______________5_kilos
>================================================
>Heroin___________100_grams________________1_kilo
>================================================
>Methamphetamine__5_grams._3_to_10_______50_grams
>_________________day_supply_for_________________
>_________________heavy_user.____________________
>================================================
>PCP______________10_grams______________100_grams
>================================================
>234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
>The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns.______

http://members.fortunecity.com/multi19/mandatory.htm mirror.
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/mandatory.htm mirror page.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/mandatory.htm mirror page.
http://www.famm.org/si_federal_sentencing.htm and
http://www.famm.org/pdfs/fedbroch2.pdf and
http://www.bop.gov/fact0598.html#Drug and
http://members.fortunecity.com/multi19/nra.htm __

Use the free Adobe Reader to view the pdf file.
1 kilo is equal to 2.2 pounds.
1 kilo is 1 kilogram, which equals 1000 grams.
1 pound equals 454 grams. 1 ounce equals 28.35 grams.
A gram roughly equals a single packet of sweetener.

------------------------------

[TopLink]

USA. Percentage of federal prison population
who are drug offenders. Timeline. 1970 onwards.

>U.S._Federal_Prison_Population_Over_Time.________
>Drug_Offenders_Percentage._______________________
>_________________________________________________
>Year____Total____Total______Total______Percentage
>______sentenced__sentenced__sentenced__of________
>________and______pop._______drug_______sentenced_
>____unsentenced_____________offenders__prisoners_
>_____population________________________who_are___
>_______________________________________drug______
>_______________________________________offenders_
>_________________________________________________
>1970____21,266___20,686______3,384______16.3_____
>1971____20,891___20,529______3,495______17.0_____
>1972____22,090___20,729______3,523______16.9_____
>1973____23,336___22,038______5,652______25.6_____
>1974____23,690___21,769______6,203______28.4_____
>1975____23,566___20,692______5,540______26.7_____
>1976____27,033___24,135______6,425______26.6_____
>1977____29,877___25,673______6,743______26.2_____
>1978____27,674___23,501______5,981______25.4_____
>1979____24,810___21,539______5,468______25.3_____
>1980____24,252___19,023______4,749______24.9_____
>1981____26,195___19,765______5,076______25.6_____
>1982____28,133___20,938______5,518______26.3_____
>1983____30,214___26,027______7,201______27.6_____
>1984____32,317___27,622______8,152______29.5_____
>1985____36,042___27,623______9,491______34.3_____
>1986____37,542___30,104_____11,344______37.7_____
>1987____41,609___33,246_____13,897______41.8_____
>1988____41,342___33,758_____15,087______44.7_____
>1989____47,568___37,758_____18,852______49.9_____
>1990____54,613___46,575_____24,297______52.2_____
>1991____61,026___52,176_____29,667______56.9_____
>1992____67,768___59,516_____35,398______59.5_____
>1993____76,531___68,183_____41,393______60.7_____
>1994____82,269___73,958_____45,367______61.3_____
>1995____85,865___76,947_____46,669______60.7_____
>1996____89,672___80,872_____49,096______60.7_____
>1997____95,513___87,294_____52,059______59.6_____
>1998___104,507___95,323_____55,984______58.7_____
>1999___115,024__104,500_____60,399______57.8_____
>2000___123,141__112,329_____63,898______56.9_____
>2001___131,419__120,829_____67,037______55.5_____
>2002___139,183__128,090_____70,009______54.7_____
>_________________________________________________
>2345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
>The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns._______

http://members.fortunecity.com/multi19/federal.htm mirror.
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/federal.htm mirror page.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/federal.htm mirror page.
http://www.bop.gov/fact0598.html#Drug and
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/corr2tab.htm __

From the link just above: State and Federal prisoners
totaled 1,355,748 in 2002. Jails held another 665,475.

-------------------------

[TopLink]

CHART. USA. Parole violations and drugs.
Percentage of violators returned to state prisons
for possession of drugs, failing drug tests,
avoiding alcohol or drug treatment, etc..

>Reasons_for_revocation_among_parole_violators_in_State____
>prison,_for_all_States,_1997.*____________________________
>__________________________________________________________
>Reason_for_revocation___________________________All_States
>_________________________________________________________
>Arrest/conviction_for_new_offense____________________69.9%
>__________________________________________________________
>Drug_related_violations______________________________16.1%
>_Positive_test_for_drug_use___________________________7.9
>_Possession_of_drug(s)________________________________6.6
>_Failure_to_report_for_drug_testing___________________2.3
>_Failure_to_report_for_alcohol_or_drug_treatment______1.7
>_________________________________________________________
>Absconders___________________________________________22.3%
>_Failure_to_report/absconded_________________________18.6
>_Left_jurisdiction_without_permission_________________5.6
>_________________________________________________________
>Other_reasons________________________________________17.8%
>_Failure_to_report_for_counseling_____________________2.4
>_Failure_to_maintain_employment_______________________1.2
>_Failure_to_meet_financial_obligations________________2.3
>_Maintained_contact_with_known_offenders______________1.2
>_Possession_of_gun(s)_________________________________3.5
>_________________________________________________________
>234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
>Fixed_width_Courier_font_lines_up_columns._______________

http://members.fortunecity.com/multi19/charts4.htm mirror.
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/charts4.htm mirror.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/charts4.htm mirror page.
http://www.drugpolicy.org/news/11_05_02parole.cfm and
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/tsp00.pdf --see Table 21.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/majority.htm __

*Note: Data are from the Survey of Inmates in State Adult
Correctional Facilities, 1997. Excludes 37,440 parole
violators who reported that their parole had not been
revoked. Detail adds to more than 100% because some
inmates may have had more than 1 violation of parole.

------------------------

[TopLink]

USA. 7.0 million adults were under correctional
supervision (jail, prison, parole, probation) at yearend 2004.
That's 1 in 32 adults, or
3.2% of the USA's total adult population.
At yearend 2003 TEXAS led
with 4.6% of its adults. See end of chart.

_______________________________________________________
______Probation__Jail_______Prison___Parole___Total____
_______________________________________________________
1975_________________________________143,164___________
1976_________________________________147,539___________
1977____816,525_____________285,486__173,632___________
1978____899,305__158,394____294,396__177,847__1,529,900
1979__1,080,385_____________301,470__217,697___________
1980__1,118,097__183,988____319,598__220,438__1,842,100
1981__1,225,934__196,785____360,029__225,539__2,008,300
1982__1,357,264__209,582____402,914__224,604__2,194,400
1983__1,582,947__223,551____423,898__246,440__2,476,800
1984__1,740,948__234,500____448,264__266,992__2,690,700
1985__1,968,712__256,615____487,593__300,203__3,013,100
1986__2,114,621__274,444____526,436__325,638__3,241,100
1987__2,247,158__295,873____562,814__355,505__3,461,400
1988__2,356,483__343,569____607,766__407,977__3,715,800
1989__2,522,125__395,553____683,367__456,803__4,057,800
1990__2,670,234__405,320____743,382__531,407__4,350,300
1991__2,728,472__426,479____792,535__590,442__4,537,900
1992__2,811,611__444,584____850,566__658,601__4,765,400
1993__2,903,061__459,804____909,381__676,100__4,948,300
1994__2,981,022__486,474____990,147__690,371__5,148,000
1995__3,077,861__507,044__1,078,542__679,421__5,342,900
1996__3,164,996__518,492__1,127,528__679,733__5,490,700
1997__3,296,513__567,079__1,176,564__694,787__5,734,900
1998__3,670,441__592,462__1,224,469__696,385__6,134,200
1999__3,779,922__605,943__1,287,172__714,457__6,340,800
2000__3,826,209__621,149__1,316,333__723,898__6,445,100
2001__3,931,731__631,240__1,330,007__732,333__6,581,700
2002__4,024,067__665,475__1,367,547__750,934__6,758,800
2003__4,144,782__691,301__1,392,796__745,125__6,936,600
2004__4,151,125__713,990__1,421,911__765,355__6,996,500
_______________________________________________________
______Probation__Jail_____Prison_____Parole___Total____
_______________________________________________________
The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns._____________

Yearly totals are rounded off to nearest hundred. There are
state and federal prisons. Jails are local and county lockups.

Use the free Adobe Reader for the pdf files.
Unzip the spreadsheets and then use MS Excel, etc..
Quote from the 2 links just above. Emphasis added:
"Texas led the Nation at yearend 2003
with 4,609 adults under correctional supervision per
100,000 adult State residents, followed by Washington
State (4,350), and Delaware (4,235) (table 8)."
That's 4.6% of Texas adults imprisoned, on probation, or on parole!
Calculations from Table 8 show that 1337 Texas adults
out of 100,000 are in prison or jail.
That's 1.34% of Texas adults imprisoned!

[TopLink]

U.S. Incarceration Rates Timeline.
Number of prison and jail inmates per 100,000 population.
TEXAS rates at the chart end:
1014 in 1999. 966 in 2001.
That is 1% of Texans imprisoned!

_____________________________________________
The_RATE_is_inmates_per_100,000_population.__
_____________________________________________
__________________________________USA._Total_
_USA____Incarceration__Prisons____Midyear____
_______________RATE____and_jails__Population.
_____________________________________________
________*1925__119**____*1925_to_1977________
________*1928__144______incarceration_rates__
________*1932__165***___are_estimates._See___
________*1934__164**____links_and_endnotes.__
________*1939__206***________________________
________*1945__147**____All_the_***peaks_and_
________*1950__164***___**valleys_are_shown._
________*1952__162**_________________________
________*1961__179***___And_some_key_years.__
________*1968__141**____1968._Nixon_elected._
________*1969__146***___1969._Nixon_in_power.
Nixon___*1971__143______1971._Nixon_declares_
________*1972__140**__________a_War_on_Drugs.
DEA_____*1973__144______1973._DEA_begins.____
________*1974__153______1974._Nixon_resigns._
________*1977__194___________________________
_________1978__203_______452,790__222,585,000
6_Ronald_1980__220_______501,886__227,726,463
6_Wilson_1981__241_______555,114__229,966,237
6_Reagan_1982__263_______610,767__232,187,835
and______1983__276_______645,713__234,307,207
Nancy____1984__288_______681,282__236,348,292
Reagan.__1985__312_______742,939__238,466,283
Holy_____1986__332_______799,171__240,650,755
War______1987__353_______856,906__242,803,533
on_Drugs_1988__388_______949,659__245,021,414
_________1989__435_____1,076,670__247,341,697
_________1990__458_____1,146,401__250,131,894
_________1991__480_____1,216,664__253,492,503
_________1992__503_____1,292,347__256,894,189
_________1993__524_____1,364,881__260,255,352
_________1994__558_____1,469,947__263,435,673
_________1995__595_____1,585,586__266,557,091
_________1996__610_____1,646,020__269,667,391
_________1997__639_____1,743,643__272,911,760
_________1998__658_____1,816,931__276,115,288
_________1999__678_____1,893,115__279,294,713
_________2000__686_____1,937,482__282,338,631
_________2001__688_____1,961,247__285,023,886
_________2002__707_____2,033,022__287,675,526
_________2003__718_____2,085,620__290,342,554
_________2004__729_____2,135,901__293,027,571
_____________________________________________
Add_in__________________+131,886___+4,305,874
131,886__2004__763_____2,267,787__297,333,445
Juvenile,______RATE____TOTAL______Population.
U.S.___________per_____INMATES____U.S._and___
Territories,___100,000____________Territories
etc..__________population___________4,305,874
_____________________________________________
The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns.___

The last link above is a clickable U.S. map of
state-by-state incarceration rates.
The rates are for inmates per 100,000 state population.
Note that no state in the USA has a rate less than 200.
Bush was governor of Texas 1994-2000. His legacy:
Louisiana (1025) and TEXAS (1014)
(under Bush) had the highest rates in 1999.
In 2001 (see the 4 links just above) it was
Louisiana (1013) and TEXAS (966)
that again had the highest incarceration rates with
1% of their populations imprisoned.
2001 Federal incarceration rate of 49 was NOT
added in to those numbers. In the USA it costs
around $25,000 average per year for each inmate.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS): "[At midyear 2004]
An estimated 12.6 percent of all black males in
their late twenties were in prisons or jails,
compared to 3.6 percent of Hispanic males and 1.7
percent of white males."
Above BJS quote is from the link below:

----------------------------------

Drug War = More HARM than drugs.

*Drug War Charts. Links to many charts. With short descriptions. New chart pages. Old chart pages. All chart pages on this website. Plus links to charts offsite. Chart formats and their uses explained. The latest chart versions are usually found by going to the "mirror" links listed with a chart.
Quick links and descriptions:
http://corporatism.tripod.com/chartsfocus.htm and
http://www.corporatism.netfirms.com/chartsfocus.htm

Public Domain. Copy freely.

Any parts, or all parts, of the pages, messages, charts, or images. Whether for commercial or non-commercial use. Use anywhere. No permission needed. Not copyrighted. It is free to email, forward, use, alter, copy, edit, incorporate, change, paste, or distribute in any way. Create free webpages, too. There are free webpage hosts, free text and email editors, free easy-to-use HTML webpage editors, free image editors, free tutorials, and free how-to forums, etc.. There is cheap internet access. There are cheap PCs. For much info on creating free webpages, click:

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The data on this page was last revised Friday, April 02, 2004 11:55 AM -0500.
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